Ureteral retrograde brush biopsy
What is Ureteral retrograde brush biopsy?
Ureteral retrograde brush biopsy is a procedure that allows doctors to take samples from the lining of a ureter. A ureter is one of the two tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder. During the procedure, a thin, flexible tube (a ureteroscope) is inserted through the urethra and bladder into the ureters. A brush biopsy device is then used to collect cells from the inside of the ureter.
Preparation
Before the procedure, your doctor may suggest drinking plenty of fluids and avoiding solid foods for four to six hours before the procedure. They may also advise taking an over-the-counter laxative to empty your intestines and reduce the risk of bacteria entering the urinary tract.
Procedure
The procedure begins with you lying on your back on an operating table. Your doctor will clean the area around the urethra, the tube that connects the bladder to the outside of the body, with antiseptic solution. A speculum may be inserted into the urethra to help the doctor see the area.
The doctor will then insert a ureteroscope, a thin, flexible tube, through the urethra and bladder into the ureter. At the end of the scope, there is a camera and a light that help the doctor see the inside of the ureter. A brush biopsy device is then used to collect cells from the inside of the ureter. These cells are then sent to a lab for analysis.
Types
There are three main types of Ureteral retrograde brush biopsy:
- Explant brush biopsy: The brush biopsy device is used to directly collect cells from the tumor for analysis.
- Urine cytology: In this type of procedure, the doctor will collect the cells discharged by the bladder to examine for any abnormal cells.
- Urodynamic study: This type of study is used to measure the flow and pressure of urine in the bladder. It also helps the doctor determine any blockages that may be present.
Risks
The risks associated with Ureteral retrograde brush biopsy include:
- Infection
- Abdominal pain
- Bleeding
- Allergic reaction to anesthesia
Why is a Ureteral retrograde brush biopsy performed?
Ureteral retrograde brush biopsy is performed to diagnose tumors in the ureter. It can detect cancer cells and determine the type of cancer present. It is also useful for diagnosing other abnormalities such as urinary stones, narrowing of the ureter, or enlarged lymph nodes.
When is a Ureteral retrograde brush biopsy performed?
A Ureteral retrograde brush biopsy may be recommended if a person shows symptoms of a tumor in the ureter, such as pain in the abdomen or back, bloody or cloudy urine, or discomfort during urination. The procedure is also used to monitor any changes in a tumor over time.
