Synovial biopsy
Synovial Biopsy
Synovial biopsy is a medical procedure used to remove a small sample of synovial tissue from a joint in order to diagnose various conditions, such as inflammatory joint conditions. The sample of synovial tissue is then analyzed in a lab for signs of inflammation, infection, tumor cells, and other clues that may provide useful medical information.
Preparation
The patient should be prepared in advance for the synovial biopsy procedure by discontinuing certain medications or adjusting the dosage as instructed by the doctor. In addition, the patient should be informed of the possible risks associated with the procedure and any possible side effects.
Procedure
Synovial biopsy is typically performed under local anesthesia. An incision is made in the skin over the joint that is to be sampled, and a small amount of synovial tissue is removed by a forceps or needle and sent to a pathology lab for further analysis. The incision is then closed and covered with a dressing. The procedure usually takes no more than 30 minutes.
Types of Synovial Biopsy
Arthroscopic synovial biopsy – done with an arthroscope, a surgical instrument consisting of a camera connected to a tube with fiber optics. This allows the doctor to have a clear view of the joint and the surrounding tissue.
Surgical synovial biopsy – done by making an incision in the skin over the joint and removing the sample of synovial tissue.
Risks of Synovial Biopsy
As with any surgical procedure, there are potential risks associated with a synovial biopsy. These include:
Infection – there is a risk of infection at the site of the incision.
Bleeding – there is a risk of bleeding and hematoma formation at the site of the incision.
Reaction to anesthesia – there is a risk of having an adverse reaction to the local anesthetic used during the procedure.
Damage to the joint – there is a risk of causing damage to the joint during the procedure.
Why is a Synovial Biopsy Done?
The purpose of the synovial biopsy is to obtain a sample of synovial tissue which can then be evaluated in the lab for signs of infection, inflammation, or tumor cells. The sample can also provide valuable medical information which can aid in diagnosing and treating various conditions, such as inflammatory joint diseases.
When is a Synovial Biopsy Done?
The decision to perform a synovial biopsy is made on a case-by-case basis. The procedure may be recommended if other tests, such as arthrocentesis, have not provided useful medical information. Synovial biopsy can also be performed to provide further confirmation of a diagnosis or to monitor the progression of a disease.
