Serum herpes simplex antibodies

All About Serum Herpes Simplex Antibodies

Antibodies to herpes simplex viruses (HSV) can be detected in human serum or other body fluids. Detection of these antibodies is important because it indicates recent or past exposure to these viruses, an ongoing or past infection and helps with diagnosis and management of HSV.

Preparation

Serum samples for antibody detection are typically taken from a peripheral or median cubital vein. Samples should be in sterilized tube with clot activator and separated within two hours of sample collection.

Procedure

Herpes Simplex antibodies are usually detected using an enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA) or immunofluorescence assay (IFA). The patient's sample is reacted with a recombinant antigen or antigen extract from cell culture. Antibody concentrations are then determined to find the presence and titer of IgG and IgM antibodies in the patient serum.

Types of Antibodies

IgM and IgG type antibodies are detected in serum for Herpes Simplex Virus 1 and 2. IgM is the first antibody to be produced during a primary infection, while IgG is produced during later stages of infection and can stay in the blood for months or years.

Risks and Precautions

The process of collecting a sample for HSV antibody detection is relatively safe with no serious risks associated. However, certain precautions should be taken in terms of laboratory safety. Blood samples should be handled with proper lab safety practices such as using personal protective equipment, regularly washing hands, and proper disposal of needles and other sharp objects.

Why Serum Herpes Simplex Antibodies Are Tested?

The presence of herpes simplex antibodies usually indicates current or past infection by the HSV 1 or HSV 2 viruses. It is useful to identify the cause of infections in certain patients and also provides useful information for the management of infections. For instance, testing for HSV2 antibodies can be used to confirm the diagnosis of genital herpes and provide patients with information about treatment and precautions.

When is this Test Recommended?

• If you have signs and symptoms of a herpes simplex infection.
• If you are at risk for a herpes simplex infection, such as through sexual contact.
• If you are pregnant and at risk of infection.
• If you have had a new sexual partner in the past 6 months.
• If you have had multiple sexual partners in the past 6 months.
• If you are a newborn and have signs or symptoms of a herpes simplex infection.