Sialogram
What is a Sialogram?
A sialogram is an imaging test used to evaluate the structures of salivary glands and ducts. It is also known as a salivagram or sialography.
Preparation for Sialogram
Prior to the sialogram, the patient normally fasts for at least four hours and avoids caffeine for 24 hours. The area to be tested is also inspected by the clinician to confirm that there are no infected lesions or abnormal tissue which may make it difficult to interpret the results. The patient may also be given an antibiotic prior to the test to reduce the risk of infection.
Procedure of Sialogram
The sialogram is normally performed at an imaging facility under local or general anesthesia, although some practitioners may also use regional anesthesia. The radiologist injects a contrast material into the major salivary glands, usually the parotid and submandibular glands, which can be done with the patient in a sitting, standing, or supine position. The radiologist then performs an x-ray to evaluate the flow of the contrast material through the salivary gland and ducts.
Types of Sialogram
There are two main types of sialogram: conventional sialogram and sialoscintigraphy. Conventional sialogram (or x-ray sialogram) involves injecting contrast material into the salivary glands and taking an x-ray image; it's a quick and cost-effective option. Sialoscintigraphy (or nuclear sialogram) involves injecting a tiny amount of radioactive material into the salivary glands and then scanning the gland and ducts with a gamma camera; it's often more accurate as it allows for better visualization of the gland's structure and function.
Risks and Complications
The sialogram is generally a safe procedure; however, it does carry some risks. These include discomfort or pain at the injection site, allergic reaction to the contrast material, and infection. It is important to report any signs of infection, such as fever, chills, or redness in the area of the injection site, to the doctor immediately.
Why is a Sialogram Done?
A sialogram is often performed to assess the cause of symptoms such as dry mouth, difficulty eating, or excessive drooling. It can also help diagnose a range of conditions affecting the salivary glands, such as infection, obstruction, inflammation, tumors, and enlargement. It can also be used to assess the effectiveness of treatments for certain conditions.
When is a Sialogram Performed?
A sialogram is typically recommended when the patient has symptoms that might be related to problems with the salivary glands, such as dry mouth, difficulty eating, or excessive drooling. It can also be used to monitor the progression of certain conditions, such as tumors, or to assess the effectiveness of treatment. In some cases, such as when tumors are suspected, a sialogram may be recommended prior to surgical removal.
