Renal arteriography
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What is Renal Arteriography?
Renal arteriography is an imaging test that creates detailed pictures of the renal arteries, which are the blood vessels supplying blood to the kidneys. In this procedure, a specialized dye called contrast material is injected via a thin, flexible tube called a catheter into one or both of the renal arteries. As the contrast material moves through the renal arteries, X-ray images are taken in order to build a detailed picture of the renal arteries including any narrowing, blockage, aneurysms, or abnormal blood flow.
Preparation for Renal Arteriography
Before having a renal arteriography, let your healthcare provider know if you are pregnant, allergic to iodine or any type of contrast material (the dye for x-rays), or have any kidney problems. Following any pre-procedure instructions you are given and informing your doctor of any medications you are currently taking will help to ensure a successful and safe procedure.
Procedure of Renal Arteriography
Renal arteriography is typically done on an outpatient basis. During the procedure, you will be asked to lie on the x-ray table and an intravenous line (IV) will be started for medication administration. The area where the catheter is inserted is sterilized by an antiseptic. An anesthetic may be given to numb the area. Your heart rate, blood pressure, and oxygen levels will be monitored during the procedure. Depending on the location, anesthetic or contrast material, a needle, or both, may be inserted into the renal artery.
The contrast material is then injected through the catheter, which may create a warm sensation. Once the contrast material is released, x-ray images will be obtained from various angles. The images will create detailed pictures of the renal arteries and their structures. Once the procedure is completed, the catheter will be removed and pressure will be applied to the puncture site.
Types of Renal Arteriography
The two types of renal arteriography are diagnostic and interventional. Diagnostic renal arteriography is used to evaluate the morphology and patency of the renal arteries as well as to identify any narrowing, aneurysms, or abnormal blood flow. This procedure can also detect any tumors in the renal vessels. Interventional renal arteriography is used to treat renal artery disease and diseases of the kidneys. It can also be used to treat any abnormal vessels or lesions that are detected through the imaging.
Why is Renal Arteriography performed?
Renal arteriography is used to diagnose and treat a variety of conditions and diseases involving the renal arteries and kidneys. These include renal artery stenosis, renal artery occlusion, aneurysms, and any other distal diseases of the renal arteries, kidney, or bladder. This procedure can also be used to diagnose congenital anomalies and tumors of the renal vessels, as well as fibromuscular dysplasia of the renal artery.
When is Renal Arteriography performed?
Renal arteriography is typically performed when other tests such as ultrasound or angiography are not able to give an accurate diagnosis. For example, if a patient has an unexplained case of high blood pressure or kidney failure, renal arteriography may be ordered to help pinpoint the cause. It may also be used to detect any abnormal vessels or lesions in the renal arteries.
Risks of Renal Arteriography
The risks associated with renal arteriography are minimal, however there is a small chance of complications, such as bleeding, infection, or allergic reaction. In rare instances, a blockage of the renal artery may result from the procedure. Additionally, the contrast material used may cause kidney damage in some people, so it is important to let your healthcare provider know if you have any kidney problems prior to the procedure.
