Midline venous catheters - infants

What is a Midline Venous Catheter in Infants?

A midline venous catheter is a flexible, hollow tube that is placed inside a vein to give medication or collect blood samples. It is usually placed in the arm, leg, or chest area. In infants, it is usually placed in the upper arm. Midline venous catheters are commonly used in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) to provide immediate access to a vein for fluids, blood tests, and treatments.

Preparing for a Midline Venous Catheter Placement

The exact preparation for a midline catheter placement will depend on the patient and the situation. The healthcare team will first evaluate the area where the catheter will be placed to ensure that it is free of infection or skin irritation. If the area is not suitable, a different site may be chosen. Before the placement procedure, the patient may be given a sedative or a local anesthetic. This will help them to relax and minimize any discomfort during the procedure.

Placement Procedure

In order to place a midline catheter, a small incision is made in the skin where the catheter will be inserted. Then, a needle is used to insert the catheter tip into the vein. The catheter is then secured in place with a suture and covered with a dressing.

Types of Midline Venous Catheters for Infants

There are two main types of midline catheters: central lines and peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs). Central lines are more invasive and require a doctor to make a 2-4 cm incision. They are usually placed in the neck, chest, or groin. PICCs are more superficial and require just a 1-2 cm incision. They are usually placed in the arm or leg.

Risks of Midline Venous Catheters for Infants

Midline venous catheters come with some risks and complications. These include infection, pain, bleeding, and puncture of a lung or other organ. In some cases, the catheter may become dislodged.

Why and When are Midline Venous Catheters Used?

Midline venous catheters are used in infants when there is a need for frequent and long-term treatments, such as antibiotics or nutrition. They are also used when an infant needs frequent blood testing. Midline venous catheters provide immediate access to a vein for treatments and tests. This can be especially helpful in the NICU, where infants often require frequent and long-term treatments and regular blood tests.