Necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum

What Is Necrobiosis Lipoidica Diabeticorum?

Necrobiosis Lipoidica Diabeticorum (NLD) is an inflammatory skin condition that is mainly caused by diabetes. It is characterized by thickening and yellowish discoloration in the skin, causing red-brownish patches. It usually occurs on the lower legs, but it can occur on the arms, face, and chest as well. It rarely affects other parts of the body.

NLD can be asymptomatic, but there may be some mild itching or burning sensation. It may cause discoloration and thickening of the skin, and can be associated with ulceration and scarring. It is more common in those with type 1 diabetes, although it can occur in people with type 2 diabetes as well.

Types of NLD

Necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum is divided into two categories according to its evolution: classical NLD and atypical NLD.

• Classical NLD is characterized by plaques that are approximately 2 cm in diameter, with yellowish centers and irregular yellow-brownish borders. This form is more common in women and usually affects the lower legs.
• Atypical NLD is characterized by smaller plaques and lighter borders, and is more common in men. It typically affects other parts of the body, such as the face, arms, and chest.

Diagnosis and Treatment of Necrobiosis Lipoidica Diabeticorum

NLD is usually diagnosed by a doctor on physical examination. It is important to differentiate NLD from other causes of skin discoloration, such as necrobiosis lipoidica tendinosum. The doctor may also order additional tests, such as biopsies and imaging studies, to rule out potential causes.

Treatment of NLD is aimed at symptom control, reducing inflammation, and preventing infection. This may include topical corticosteroids, phototherapy, and surgical excision. In some cases, the condition may improve spontaneously without treatment.

Risks and Why Necrobiosis Lipoidica Diabeticorum Occurs

The exact cause of NLD is unclear. However, it is thought that inflammatory processes associated with diabetes may be a contributing factor. Poor control of blood sugar is another risk factor for NLD. It is also more common in those with chronic infections or inflammation, such as hepatitis and HIV.

NLD is more common in people with type 1 diabetes, though it can occur in those with type 2 diabetes as well. It may be seen at any age, but is more common in those over 40 years old. It is more common in women than men, and may be more severe in those with darker skin color.

When to See a Doctor

If you have diabetes and you notice any skin discoloration or thickening in the lower legs, arms, face, or chest, you should see a doctor. These may be signs of NLD, and prompt medical attention is necessary to rule out other potential causes and to start treatment, if necessary.