Hemoglobin electrophoresis
What is Hemoglobin Electrophoresis?
Hemoglobin electrophoresis is a laboratory test used to diagnose sickle cell anemia and other blood disorders that affect the amount and shape of hemoglobin in an individual’s blood. It involves separating the different components of hemoglobin using an electrical current in a process called electrophoresis. This test can help diagnose or evaluate an underlying condition that could be causing anemia, as well as identify carriers of genetic mutations associated with blood disorders.
Preparation
No special preparation is typically necessary before undergoing hemoglobin electrophoresis. You may want to wear comfortable clothes, and be sure to follow all instructions given by your healthcare provider.
Procedure
The procedure for hemoglobin electrophoresis is a simple one. A sample of your blood is typically taken from your arm and collected in a tube. The sample is then placed on a special apparatus that contains an electrical current. This electrical current causes the different components of hemoglobin to separate according to their charge (positive or negative). The separated bands of hemoglobin are then measured, and the results are compared to a normal range for your age and gender to determine if there are any abnormal levels.
Types of Hemoglobin Electrophoresis Tests
There are several different types of hemoglobin electrophoresis tests that are used to diagnose different types of blood disorders. These tests include:
- HbA Test: This test is used to diagnose sickle cell anemia. It looks for the presence of the HbA mutation, which causes sickle cell anemia.
- HbF Test: This test is used to diagnose other types of inherited blood disorders, such as thalassemia, which is caused by the mutation of the HbF gene.
- HbS Test: This test is used to diagnose thalassemia, which is caused by the mutation of the HbS gene.
- HbC Test: This test is used to diagnose other types of inherited blood disorders, such as the hemoglobin C defect, which is caused by a mutation of the HbC gene.
- HbE Test: This test is used to diagnose hemoglobin E, which is caused by a mutation of the HbE gene.
Risks of Hemoglobin Electrophoresis
Hemoglobin electrophoresis is generally considered safe and non-invasive. As with any laboratory or blood test, there are some risks associated with the procedure. These include:
- Infection: Although rare, it is possible to develop an infection as a result of a hemoglobin electrophoresis procedure.
- Allergic Reaction: Some people may experience an allergic reaction to the blood sample or the chemicals used in the procedure.
- Excessive Bleeding: It is possible to experience too much bleeding following the procedure which may require additional treatment.
- Damage to the Vein: The needle may cause damage to the vein, leading to bruising or other injury.
When to Get a Hemoglobin Electrophoresis Test?
Hemoglobin electrophoresis is usually recommended by a doctor if they are concerned about the amount or shape of hemoglobin in an individual’s blood. It is also recommended if an individual has a family history of an inherited blood disorder, such as sickle cell anemia. The test can help diagnose or evaluate an underlying condition that could be causing anemia, as well as identify carriers of genetic mutations associated with blood disorders.
Why is Hemoglobin Electrophoresis Performed?
The primary purpose of hemoglobin electrophoresis is to diagnose and monitor patients with inherited blood disorders, such as sickle cell anemia, thalassemias, and other hemoglobinopathies. It can also be used to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment for these conditions. Additionally, hemoglobin electrophoresis is sometimes used to screen newborns for sickle cell anemia and other inherited conditions.
