Fine needle aspiration of the thyroid
Fine Needle Aspiration of Thyroid
Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA) of the thyroid, also known as a biopsy of the thyroid, is a procedure used to identify a variety of thyroid disorders including cancer, infections, inflammation, cysts, and nodules. The procedure involves using a thin needle to remove a small sample of cells from the thyroid gland in order to identify a particular condition.
Preparation
Depending on the type of fine needle aspiration, you may need to consult with your doctor to discuss the type of preparation that's right for you. Generally, most thyroid FNA procedures do not require any preparation other than following the doctor's orders. But some procedures require you to fast for a period of time prior to the procedure. Always check with your doctor prior to the procedure to determine the proper preparation.
Procedure
The FNA procedure is done in your doctor’s office and usually takes 10-15 minutes. First, your doctor will use ultrasound imaging to locate the thyroid gland, then they will identify the area of the thyroid they wish to biopsy. Your doctor will then insert the needle into the area of the thyroid they identified and take a small sample of cells. The sample is then sent to a laboratory for analysis.
Types of Fine Needle Aspirations
There are several different types of fine needle aspiration procedures that can be used depending on the condition being investigated. These include:
- FNA for cancer
- FNA for infection
- FNA for inflammation
- FNA for cysts
- FNA for nodules
Risks
Most FNA of the thyroid procedures are quick, simple, and safe. However, there are some risks associated with the procedure. Risks may include:
- Pain
- Infection
- Bleeding
- Excess fluid buildup
- Damage to adjacent structures
Why is a FNA performed?
FNA procedures are used to diagnose a variety of thyroid conditions including cancer, infection, inflammation, cysts, and nodules. The procedure is also used to evaluate a patient's response to thyroid hormone therapy.
When is a FNA performed?
FNA of the thyroid is usually performed when a patient presents with symptoms that suggest a thyroid disorder. Symptoms can include a lump in the neck, pain or difficulty swallowing, swollen lymph nodes, and/or difficulty breathing. Your doctor may also order a FNA if they suspect a patient has an undiagnosed thyroid condition.
Conclusion
Fine needle aspiration of the thyroid can be an effective way to identify a variety of thyroid conditions as well as to help evaluate a patient's response to thyroid hormone therapy. The procedure is usually quick, simple, and safe, however there are some risks associated with the procedure. Consult with your doctor to determine if FNA of the thyroid is the right procedure for you.
