Epstein-Barr virus antibody test
What is Epstein-Barr Virus Antibody Test?
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) antibody test is a laboratory test performed to detect presence of antibodies to detect infections from Epstein-Barr virus. EBV Antibodies are generated in response to EBV infection. The presence of these antibodies suggests that the person has or has had an infection due to EBV.An EBV antibody test is used to help diagnose an EBV infection. The presence of a significant level of IgM antibody indicates that the person has an active or current general EBV infection.
Types of EBV Antibody Tests
- IgM Antibodies: Detects presence of the virus or active infection.
- IgG Antibodies: Detects recent or past infection.
- VCA (Viral Capsid Antigen) IgM Antibodies: Detects acute or recent infection.
Preparation for EBV Antibody Test
No special preparation is required for an EBV antibody test. You may eat and drink normally before and after the test. However, you should discuss the medications and supplements you are taking with your doctor because some may affect the results of the test.
Procedure of the Test
Your doctor will take a sample of blood in the usual way. The sample will be sent to the laboratory for analysis. The EBV antibody test is performed with an enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA). This assay uses enzymes which bind to the antibodies present in the blood sample and change their colour. This change in colour is used to measure the level of antibody.
Interpretation of Results
The interpretation of the results of the EBV antibody test depend on the type of antibody test that is done. The results of the IgM antibody test indicate the presence of an active infection. If the IgM antibody levels are high, it indicates a recent or active infection. The results of the IgG antibody test indicate that the person has been exposed to the virus in the past and may have had an infection. VCA IgM antibodies indicate that the person has had recent exposure to EBV.
Risks
The risks associated with the EBV antibody test are similar to those associated with any other blood test. These include bleeding, bruising and an infection at the site of the puncture. Other more serious risks associated with a blood test are extremely rare.
When to Do the Test?
Your doctor may recommend an EBV antibody test if you have symptoms of an EBV infection, such as fever, fatigue, muscle aches and swollen lymph nodes. An EBV antibody test can also be done to help diagnose cancer, autoimmune diseases or chronic fatigue syndrome, when these conditions are suspected to be caused by an EBV infection.
Why the Test is Done?
The EBV antibody test is used to diagnose an EBV infection or to detect if a person has had prior exposure to the virus. The results of the EBV antibody test help to determine the cause of the symptoms and develop the appropriate treatment plan.
