Electrocardiogram

What is an Electrocardiogram (ECG)?

An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a test which measures the electrical activity of the heart. It records the rate and regularity of the heartbeat, as well as any physical problems with the rhythm. An ECG is also referred to as an EKG.

Preparing for an ECG

Most ECGs do not require any preparation. For the best results, the patient should:

• Avoid consuming any caffeinated beverages on the day of the test.
• Avoid any strenuous activities for at least 2-3 hours before the test.
• Remove any jewellery or any other metal items on their body.
• Remove any cosmetics like eyeliner, lipsticks and foundation as they can interfere with the results.

Procedure for an ECG

During an ECG, the patient will need to lie down on a bed or couch. A number of electrodes are then attached to various points on the body. Two are placed on each ankle and two on each wrist. In some patients, additional leads may be attached. These leads will be connected to a machine which monitors the heart's electrical activity. The machine will also display the results. The patient will be asked to remain still for the duration of the ECG.

Types of ECG Tests

There are several different types of ECG tests, all of which are designed to provide different types of information about the heart. These types include:

• Resting ECGs: This is a standard ECG test and is used to identify any abnormalities with the electrical activity of the heart.
• Exercise Stress Test (EST): This ECG test measures the heart rate before, during and after physical activity. It is used to identify any potential problems during physical activity.
• Holter Monitor: This type of test is used to measure the heart rate for an extended period of time. The patient will wear a small, portable device which will record the heart rate continuously for 24-48 hours.

Risks associated with an ECG

The risks associated with an ECG are very low. There is only a small risk of skin irritation from the electrodes. Some patients may experience anxiety or discomfort due to being asked to remain still for an extended period of time. In rare cases, ECGs may cause an abnormal heart rhythm.

Why have an ECG?

ECGs are used to diagnose and monitor a wide variety of heart conditions. Common uses of an ECG include:

• Diagnosing the cause of chest pain.
• Diagnosing heart attacks.
• Identifying abnormal heart rhythms.
• Monitoring the effects of certain heart medications.
• Monitoring existing heart conditions.

When are ECGs ordered?

A doctor may order an ECG if they suspect a patient may have a heart issue. The doctor may also order an ECG as a routine test to monitor existing heart conditions. ECGs are also used to monitor the effects of certain heart medications and to monitor the heart rate before, during and after physical activity.