Echocardiogram

What is an Echo (Echocardiogram)?

An echo is a type of ultrasound test that uses high-frequency sound waves to create images of the heart. It’s also called echocardiogram or cardiac echo. The test helps your doctor to:

• Evaluate the shape and size of your heart and its chambers
• See how well your heart is pumping
• Determine if the blood is flowing properly through the four valves that open and close each time the heart beats

Preparation for Echocardiogram

In preparation for your echo:

• Take off all jewelry
• Wear a loose-fitting top, such as a T-shirt, to make it easier for the technician to put a transducer,a type of microphone, against your chest.

Echocardiogram Procedure

During the echo, you'll lie on an exam table. The technician will spread a BLANK, or jelly, on your chest then use a transducer to send out sound waves that create a picture of your heart and valves. You might also be asked to sit up or turn to the side.

The test usually takes 20 to 30 minutes and you won't need anesthesia. You'll hear whooshing or lub-dub sounds as the transducer sends out sound waves and picks up the echoes. The pictures are transmitted to a video screen so that a doctor can study them.

Types of Echocardiogram

• Transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) — This is the most common type of echo. It is a painless, noninvasive test and usually takes 30 minutes to complete.
• Transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) — In this type of echo, your doctor inserts a small probe down your throat and into your esophagus. This gives the doctor a clearer view of your heart.
• Stress echocardiogram — For this type of test, your doctor takes images of your heart before and after your heart has been stressed. This test can help to find any areas of your heart muscle that aren't getting enough blood when you’re exerting yourself.

Risks of an Echocardiogram

Echocardiogram is very safe and doesn't usually cause any harm or discomfort. In rare cases, you may experience some discomfort or unexpected reactions. Possible risks include:

• Dragging sensation on your chest from the transducer
• Pain, discomfort, or soreness in your throat from a transesophageal echo
• Excessive bloating from air in your intestines during a transesophageal echo

Why You Need an Echocardiogram?

Your doctor may recommend an echocardiogram if you have symptoms of a heart condition such as chest pain, shortness of breath, palpitations, or fainting spell. An echocardiogram can help your doctor to:

• Diagnose the cause of chest pain
• Diagnose or rule out a heart valve disorder
• Assess how well the heart is pumping blood
• Measure the heart’s chambers size and how well they are working
• Determine if there is any damage to the heart muscle caused by heart attack, infection, or other condition
• Check for any unusual masses, fluid around the heart, or tumors
• Evaluate treatments for heart problems, such as medications, surgery, or a pacemaker
• Diagnose a congenital heart defect in an unborn baby

When to Get an Echocardiogram?

Your doctor may order a echocardiogram if they think you have a heart condition. Common reasons for ordering an echocardiogram include:

• Ongoing chest pain
• Irregular heartbeat
• Swelling in the legs, ankles, or abdominal area
• Heart murmurs
• Deep, persistent cough
• Fainting episodes
• Heart valve issues
• Previous heart surgery
• Suspected congenital heart defect in unborn baby