Coronary angiography
Coronary Angiography
Coronary angiography is a medical imaging test that uses an injection of contrast media and X-ray imaging to visualize the inside of coronary arteries. It is usually performed to diagnose and treat blockages of coronary arteries. Coronary angiography is also referred to as coronary artery angiography, coronary cine angiography, coronary arteriography, or cardiac catheterization.
Preparation
- Discussing risks and benefits: The physician will provide a detailed explanation of what to expect on the day of the procedure and address any questions or concerns.
- Informing about medications: The patient should tell the doctor about any medications he or she is taking, including aspirin, anticoagulants, and any herbal supplements.
- Discontinuing medications: The physician may order the patient to discontinue certain medications prior to the procedure for safety reasons.
- Checking the patient’s medical history: The patient will go through a medical history review to identify any medical conditions or allergies.
- Prior to the procedure: The patient should arrive at the hospital on the day of the procedure fasting for at least eight hours prior to the test.
Procedure
- Administering sedation: The patient will be given a sedative to relax him or her for the procedure.
- Inserting a catheter: Using a very small needle, the physician will insert a thin, flexible tube called a catheter into an artery – usually, the femoral artery in the groin.
- Injecting contrast liquid: Contrast liquid is injected through the catheter and a series of X-ray images will then be taken.
- Removing the catheter: After the procedure is complete, the catheter will be removed.
Types of Coronary Angiography
There are two main types of coronary angiography:
- Adenosine coronary angiography is used to measure blood flow through the coronary arteries.
- Intravascular coronary angiography is a more complex procedure that allows the physician to take a closer look at the vessel walls.
Risks and Complications
- Excessive bleeding
- Infection
- Kidney damage
- Allergic reactions to contrast dye used during the procedure
- Arrhythmias
- Stroke
Why it is done?
Coronary angiography is performed to assess blockages in the coronary arteries. It can be used to diagnose conditions such as coronary artery disease, coronary artery spasms, and congenital heart defects. It can also be used to evaluate the effectiveness of different treatments for coronary artery disease, such as stents or bypass surgery.
When it is done?
A physician may recommend a coronary angiography if a patient has signs or symptoms of coronary artery disease, such as chest pain, shortness of breath, and an abnormal electrocardiogram (ECG). It can also be used to assess the anatomy of the coronary arteries before or after a procedure such as angioplasty or bypass surgery.
