Tuberculosis Screening
Tuberculosis Screening
Tuberculosis (TB) screening is a process for testing and evaluating people to determine if they have been infected with the TB bacteria. TB screening is an important part of an overall TB prevention and control program. It is recommended in people who have had contact with a person infected with TB, or who are at risk of developing active TB disease.
Preparations for the Test
In order for TB screening to be effective, it is important to make sure that the person being tested understands the test and is prepared for it. This includes giving the individual information about the test and what it entails, such as the types of questions that may be asked and any potential risks or side effects. It is also important to ensure that the test environment is clean and free from distractions and that the person being tested is comfortable.
Procedure
The TB screening process typically begins with a medical history review. The individual being tested will answer questions about their current health, as well as their past medical history, including any contact they may have had with someone infected with TB. The healthcare provider may also conduct a physical exam, including listening with a stethoscope for signs of TB. Depending on the results of these initial tests, additional tests may be conducted to determine if a person has an active or latent TB infection.
Types of Tests
The two main types of TB screening tests used to diagnose TB are a TB skin test or an interferon gamma release assay (IGRA). A TB skin test involves the patient being injected with a small amount of TB antigen, called tuberculin. The patient then returns 48-72 hours later, and a healthcare provider will check for a reaction at the injection site. An IGRA laboratory test measures the person's immune response to TB proteins. This test uses a blood sample and the results are usually available within 24 hours.
Risks and Complications
TB screening tests are generally safe and accurate. Potential risks and complications may include allergic reactions to the TB antigen or any other medications administered during the test. It is also important to keep in mind that the results of the screening tests may not be accurate if the individual has been recently infected or exposed to TB.
Why Get Tested for TB?
TB is a serious and contagious disease that can cause serious long-term health problems if not treated promptly. TB screening helps to identify people who are at risk of developing active TB disease and get them the treatment they need. It is important to note that only individuals who are at risk of developing active TB disease need to get tested for TB.
When to Get Tested for TB?
TB screening should be done for anyone who is at risk of developing active TB disease, such as individuals who have had contact with someone infected with TB or those who have traveled to an area where TB is common. People who are living with HIV are also at an increased risk of developing active TB disease and should be tested for TB. In addition, people who work or live in settings where TB is more likely to be found, such as healthcare facilities or prisons, should also be tested for TB.
