Thyroid Antibodies
What are Thyroid Antibodies?
Thyroid antibodies are proteins created by the immune system to combat a common thyroid disorder. They work by recognizing and disabling a specific type of hormone called thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). When thyroid antibodies succeed in blocking TSH, it can cause a condition called hypothyroidism, which occurs when the thyroid gland becomes less active. This can lead to a wide range of health problems such as fatigue, weight gain, weakness, depression, and difficulty concentrating.
Preparation
In preparing to take thyroid antibody tests, nothing special is needed. However, it’s important to take any medications that are prescribed exactly as prescribed. Medications like aspirin or corticosteroids can interfere with thyroid antibody test results, so it’s essential to keep track of which medications are being taken and when. Additionally, it’s important to follow any recommendations made by a physician prior to the test regarding eating and drinking.
Procedure
Thyroid antibody tests are simple and noninvasive. The procedure begins with a medical provider collecting a blood sample from the patient. The sample is then sent to a laboratory to be tested for the presence of antibodies that match particular thyroid markers. The results are usually available within a few days.
Types of Thyroid Antibodies
There are two main types of thyroid antibodies: thyroglobulin antibodies (TgAb) and thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb). TgAb is the most common type, and TPOAb is the second most common. TgAb is responsible for attacking thyroglobulin, a major constituent of thyroid hormones, while TPOAb attacks enzymes associated with the production of thyroid hormones. Testing for both types is important for diagnosing and monitoring autoimmune diseases that affect the thyroid.
Risks
Thyroid antibody tests generally have no risks, as they are often quick and noninvasive. However, certain medications such as aspirin and corticosteroids can interfere with the results of the test, so it’s important to communicate with a doctor to ensure that any doses are taken correctly and to report any new medications taken prior to the test.
Why Test for Thyroid Antibodies?
Testing for thyroid antibodies is important for diagnosing and monitoring autoimmune diseases such as Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, which can affect the thyroid and cause hypothyroidism. Additionally, testing can determine whether medications for treating hypothyroidism are working properly.
When to Test
Testing for thyroid antibodies is typically recommended if a person is suspected of having an autoimmune disorder that affects the thyroid. It is also recommended every 6–12 months if a person is already taking medications for an autoimmune disorder. The same is true for women who are pregnant or planning to become pregnant, as hypothyroidism during pregnancy can cause complications.
