Synovial Fluid Analysis

What Is Synovial Fluid Analysis?

Synovial fluid analysis is a technique used to analyze the joint fluid, or the fluid that cushions joints and tissues. It is commonly used when diagnosing conditions such as joint inflammation, infection, and gout. During this test, a sample of joint fluid is collected from the affected area and then put through laboratory analysis. The analysis can help to determine the cause of joint pain or swelling. The results of the analysis can then help to form the basis for a diagnosis and treatment plan.

Preparation

The synovial fluid analysis procedure does not require any special preparation. The area where the fluid will be taken from may be numbed with a local anesthetic. Those with any allergies or sensitivities to medication should inform their healthcare provider.

Procedure

The following are the general steps used during a synovial fluid analysis procedure:

• The person will lie down or sit in a comfortable position.
• The site where the fluid will be drawn from may be numbed with a local anesthetic.
• The doctor will insert a thin, hollow needle into the affected area.
• The needle is used to draw the joint fluid.
• The sample is placed on a microscope slide and sent to a laboratory for analysis.

Types of Analysis

The analysis of synovial fluid can be conducted in several ways. The most common types include:

• Cell-Count Analysis: The sample is examined under a microscope to determine the number and type of cells present.
• Chemical Analysis: The chemical composition of the sample is tested to evaluate its physical characteristics. This can include the presence of cholesterol, iron, phospholipids, and other substances.
• Microscopic Analysis: Microscopic analysis is used to examine joint tissue for damage or infection.
• Culture: The sample is placed in a petri dish to culture bacteria and check for signs of infection.

Risks

Synovial fluid analysis is generally a safe procedure. However, it does carry a small risk of complications, such as:

• Infection
• Bleeding
• Allergic reaction to the anesthetic, if used

Why Is It Done?

Synovial fluid analysis can help to diagnose a number of conditions, including:

• Arthritis
• Infection
• Gout
• Bone fractures
• Tendon and ligament damage

When Is It Done?

Synovial fluid analysis is typically done when joint pain or swelling persists for more than two weeks. Additionally, a synovial fluid analysis may be done when a person has a high risk of certain conditions, such as other inflammatory diseases or certain types of infections.