Ketones in Urine

What are Ketones in Urine?

Ketones in urine (Ketonuria) are an indicator of high levels of ketones, metabolites produced by the breakdown of fatty acids. Ketones show up in urine when the body does not have enough insulin to move glucose out of the blood and into the cells. Without enough glucose, the body breaks down fat molecules into energy, forming ketones.

Procedure and Preparation for Checking Ketones in Urine

To check for ketones, your healthcare provider can order a standard urinalysis test. This test involves collecting a sample of urine in a clean cup. The sample is then sent to a laboratory for examination. For best results, you should collect a urine sample in the morning after you have fasted for eight to twelve hours.

Types of Ketones in Urine

There are two types of ketones found in the urine: acetoacetate and beta-hydroxybutyrate. Acetoacetate is produced when fatty acids in the liver are broken down into ketones. Beta-hydroxybutyrate is produced in the liver when the body does not have enough glucose to produce energy.

Risks of High Levels of Ketones in Urine

High levels of ketones in the urine, also known as ketosis, can be a sign of an underlying medical condition, such as diabetes, kidney disease, or liver disease. If left untreated, ketosis can become a risky medical condition, leading to ketoacidosis, a potentially life-threatening complication. Symptoms of this complication include nausea, vomiting, confusion, and abdominal pain.

Why Check for Ketones in Urine?

Since ketones are a sign of high levels of fat being burned as energy, checking for ketones in the urine can be a helpful way to keep track of glucose control for those with diabetes. Checking for ketones in the urine can also help monitor the progression of other medical conditions.

When to Check for Ketones in Urine?

• If you have diabetes, you should check for ketones in your urine when your blood sugar is over 240 mg/dL.
• If you have a medical condition that can cause ketosis, you should check for ketones in your urine regularly.
• If you experience symptoms of ketoacidosis, such as nausea, vomiting, confusion, or abdominal pain, you should check for ketones in your urine.