Hemoglobin Electrophoresis
What is Hemoglobin Electrophoresis?
Hemoglobin electrophoresis is a laboratory procedure used to separate different types of hemoglobin and measure the amount of each type. It is commonly used to diagnose or monitor treatment of various forms of anemia and other conditions affecting the production of hemoglobin, especially those that cause an abnormal distribution of the different types of hemoglobin.
Preparation
No special preparation is needed for a hemoglobin electrophoresis test. It is typically done on a small sample of a patient’s blood, most often a sample obtained from a vein in the arm. No special fasting or other preparations are necessary for the test.
Procedure
First, a small amount of blood is drawn. The blood sample is then placed into a special solution that separates the different types of hemoglobin by their electrical charge. An electrical current is applied to the solution, which causes the hemoglobin to move. The different types of hemoglobin move at different rates, so they can be easily separated from one another.
Once the hemoglobin is separated, the amount of each type is measured. This information is used to diagnose or monitor various forms of anemia, or to detect certain genetic conditions that affect the production of hemoglobin.
Types of Hemoglobin
Hemoglobin is a protein found in red blood cells that carries oxygen throughout the body. It is made up of two main types – hemoglobin A (HbA) and hemoglobin A2 (HbA2). There are other types of hemoglobin, such as hemoglobin F (HbF) and hemoglobin C (HbC), but these are found in smaller amounts.
Risks
Hemoglobin electrophoresis is a low-risk test with no significant risks. The only possible risks associated with the test are those associated with any blood test, such as pain or bleeding at the site where the blood is drawn.
Why is the Test Done?
Hemoglobin electrophoresis is done to diagnose or monitor treatment for various forms of anemia or for conditions that affect the production of hemoglobin, such as thalassemia. It is also used to screen newborns for genetic conditions that could affect the production of hemoglobin.
When is the Test Done?
A hemoglobin electrophoresis test may be ordered if a person has symptoms of anemia or a doctor suspects a condition that could affect the production of hemoglobin. It may also be ordered to screen newborns for certain genetic conditions. The test is typically done on a small sample of blood taken from a vein in the arm.
