Helicobacter Pylori (H. Pylori) Tests
What is Helicobacter Pylori (H. pylori)?
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a bacteria that grows in the stomach and can cause ulcers. It can affect people of all ages, but the risk is higher in developing countries and with certain underlying conditions. Left untreated, the infection can lead to other health problems, such as stomach inflammation and stomach cancer.
Why is H. Pylori Test Done?
H. Pylori tests are done to identify the presence of the bacteria in the stomach, diagnose infection, and to monitor the effectiveness of any treatment. The test can also be used to monitor for relapse following treatment.
Preparation For H. Pylori Test
No special preparation is required for an H. pylori test, but it is important to tell your doctor about any medications you may be taking as this could affect your results.
H. Pylori Test Procedure
There are several types of tests used to detect the presence of H. pylori. These include:
- Urea breath test: This test is used to diagnose the presence of H. pylori. It involves eating or drinking a solution that contains the chemical urea. If the bacteria is present, it will break down the urea and produce carbon dioxide, which can be detected in the breath.
- Stool antigen test: This test is used to detect an antigen in the stool that is produced by H. pylori. This test can be done at home or in a lab.
- Serum antibody test: This test is used to detect antibodies to H. pylori in the blood. These antibodies are produced by the body’s immune system in response to the presence of the bacteria.
- Biopsy: A biopsy of the stomach lining can be done in which tissue is taken from the stomach lining and examined for the presence of H. pylori. This test is usually done during an endoscopy.
Risks of H. Pylori Test
H. Pylori tests are generally considered safe with minimal risk. The urea breath test can cause bloating and gas as the urea breaks down in the stomach. Depending on the type of test, there may be a risk of bleeding or infection.
When to Do an H. Pylori Test?
Your doctor may recommend an H. Pylori test if you have symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, or loss of appetite. Your doctor may also recommend the test if you have a family history of gastric cancer, or if you reside or have recently travelled to a developing area, as H. pylori is more common in these areas.
