Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Analysis
What is Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Analysis
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) analysis is a medical procedure used to diagnose certain diseases of the brain and spinal cord. It involves drawing a sample of fluid from the base of the spine and analyzing it for various components. The sample is typically viewed under a microscope to identify signs of infection, nervous system damage, and other conditions.
Preparation for CSF Analysis
No special preparation is typically needed for CSF analysis, aside from fasting for several hours before the procedure. Depending on the patient's medical history, additional tests may be ordered to provide more information prior to the CSF analysis.
Procedure
A CSF analysis involves the insertion of a small needle into the lower back, between the third and fourth lumbar vertebrae. The fluid is then drawn into a syringe. The sample is then tested for various components, including red and white blood cells, proteins, and glucose. The sample may also be tested for organisms, such as bacteria or parasites.
Types
The various types of CSF analysis are categorized according to the patient's symptoms and medical history. The most common types of analysis include the cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) protein test, the CSF glucose test, the CSF white blood cell count test, and the CSF Gram stain test. Additional tests may include a CSF bacterial culture, a CSF fungal culture, and a CSF herpes test.
Risks
The risks of CSF analysis are minimal. The greatest risk is a post-procedural headache, which can last for several days. This complication can be treated with over-the-counter pain medication. There is also a small risk of infection or bleeding at the needle insertion site.
Why and When is CSF Analysis Recommended?
CSF analysis is recommended by physicians when symptoms suggest a diagnosis of a neurological disorder. It can be used to diagnose the cause of a fever, seizures, swelling of the brain, meningitis, or other brain or spinal cord disorders. CSF analysis can also be used to evaluate the effectiveness of certain treatments for neurological conditions.
