BRCA Genetic Test
BRCA Genetic Test
BRCA stands for BReast CAncer, and the BRCA genetic tests are used to detect mutations - changes in DNA - on the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. A positive result indicates a higher risk of developing breast and/or ovarian cancer.
Why Get Tested for BRCA?
Testing for the BRCA gene mutation can help identify people at higher risk for developing breast and ovarian cancers. Women with a mutation are at increased risk of developing breast cancer before the age of 40. Men with the BRCA mutation can also be at risk of developing breast and prostate cancer. Testing for a mutation can provide information for making treatment decision and health screening plans.
Who Should Get Tested?
The American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) recommends testing for individuals who have certain risk factors, including:
- A strong family history of breast and/or ovarian cancers
- An Ashkenazi Jewish (Eastern European) background
- A BRCA1 and/or BRCA2 genetic mutation known to run in your family
It is important to note that not everyone with a risk factor should get tested for a BRCA mutation.
Preparation for a BRCA Genetic Test
Most BRCA genetic tests involve a simple blood test. It is important to talk to your healthcare provider about any family history and risks prior to testing. You may also want to consider talking to a genetics expert.
Procedure for a BRCA Genetic Test
The procedure for a BRCA genetic test involves drawing blood in order to analyze the DNA for changes in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. The results of the test are usually available in approximately one to two weeks.
Types of BRCA Genetic Tests
There are two types of BRCA genetic tests:
- Full Gene Sequencing (also called a "Panel" genetic test): This type of test looks at all of the bases (or "letters") of the gene. It is the most comprehensive but is the most expensive. It is also the only type of test that can detect large rearrangements, which are gene changes that disrupt the sequence of the gene.
- Targeted Gene Sequencing: This type of test looks at only the most common BRCA mutations. It is less expensive and takes less time to complete than full gene sequencing.
Risks of BRCA Genetic Testing
Although there are no associated physical risks with BRCA genetic testing, there are some emotional and psychological risks that should be considered. These include feeling anxious about the results of the test, feeling guilt or shame if the results are positive, feeling isolated from family or social circles, and feeling that you are different from other people if the results are negative.
When to Consider BRCA Genetic Testing
Women, especially those with a family history of breast and/or ovarian cancer, should consider testing for a BRCA gene mutation. Testing can help to detect mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes prior to the onset of cancer. It is important to note that not everyone with a risk factor should get tested for a BRCA mutation.
Conclusion
BRCA genetic testing is a way to detect mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, which are associated with an increased risk of developing breast and/or ovarian cancers. People who should consider BRCA testing should discuss their options with a healthcare provider and a genetics expert. It is important to note that not everyone with a risk factor should get tested for a BRCA mutation.
