Blood Differential
What is a Blood Differential Test?
A blood differential test (or complete blood count, or CBC) is a test used to assess the relative proportions of the different types of white blood cells present in the blood. It is one of the most commonly used tests to evaluate a person’s overall health. It is also sometimes known as a ‘differential’.
Preparation for a Blood Differential Test
There is no special preparation required for a blood differential test. A person does not have to fast or modify their diet or lifestyle in any way. They should ensure they are comfortable and rested when they arrive for their appointment.
Procedure of a Blood Differential Test
A blood differential test involves drawing a sample of blood from a vein in the arm. The sample is then sent to a lab and examined under a microscope. The technician can then calculate the proportions of the different types of white blood cells.
Types of White Blood Cells
White blood cells (or leukocytes) come in a number of different forms. These include:
- Neutrophils, which play a role in fighting infection.
- Eosinophils, which are involved in allergic reactions.
- Basophils, which produce histamine and other inflammatory chemicals.
- Lymphocytes, which play a role in the immune system.
- Monocytes, which engulf and destroy invading bacteria and viruses.
- Platelets, which are involved in clotting and wound healing.
Risks of a Blood Differential Test
A blood differential test is generally very safe. It only involves drawing a very small sample of blood, so there is no risk of significant blood loss or reaction to the test itself. The most common risk is of a minor amount of soreness or bruising at the site of the sample collection.
Why is a Blood Differential Test Done?
A blood differential test is often done to assess a person’s overall health. It can help detect the presence of infection, inflammation and other disorders by detecting changes in the proportions of the different types of white blood cells. It can also help to confirm a diagnosis of certain autoimmune diseases, such as lupus and rheumatoid arthritis.
When is a Blood Differential Test Done?
A blood differential test is often done as part of a routine check-up or when a person has signs of disease or infection. It can also be part of the workup for certain autoimmune diseases, infections or cancer.
