Metastatic Neuroendocrine Tumors
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What are Metastatic Neuroendocrine Tumors?
Metastatic Neuroendocrine Tumors, also called NETs, are tumors that start in the cells of the endocrine system. Endocrine system cells are specialized for making hormones, and NETs can produce and release hormones, leading to a variety of signs and symptoms. In addition to hormone production NETs can spread (metastasize) to other areas of the body including the liver, lungs, bone, and brain, which can lead to further complications.
Types of NETs
NETs can be divided into two main types, depending on where they start and which hormones they produce:
- Functional NETs: These tumors produce hormones and can cause signs and symptoms as a result of hormone production. They can sometimes be seen on imaging tests.
- Non-Functional NETs: These tumors do not cause any signs or symptoms and can only be seen on imaging tests
Symptoms of Metastatic Neuroendocrine Tumors
The signs and symptoms of NETs depend on where the tumor is located and which hormones it is producing. Some common signs and symptoms include:
- Abdominal pain
- Diarrhea
- Frequent urination
- Weight loss
- Nausea
- Fatigue
- Skin rash
Diagnosis
If NETs are suspected, a doctor will typically order a variety of tests to diagnose the tumor and ensure that it has not spread (metastasized) to other parts of the body. These tests may include blood tests, imaging tests such as CT scans or MRI scans, and/or a biopsy.
Treatment
The treatment of NETs depends on the location and size of the tumor as well as if it has spread (metastasized) to other parts of the body. Common treatments include:
- Surgery: A surgeon will remove as much of the tumor as they safely can.
- Chemotherapy: Drugs are used to kill cancer cells.
- Radiation Therapy: High-energy particles or beams are used to kill cancer cells.
- Targeted Therapy: Drugs are used to target specific molecules that are involved in cancer growth and spread.
