Invasive Infection caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 1

Invasive Infection caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 1

Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 1 is a bacterium species causing various invasive infections such as meningitis, sepsis, pneumonia, and otitis media. Though it can present as an asymptomatic carrier, it can also have serious clinical implications and in some cases, can lead to death. The infection is mainly detected in infants and the elderly. It is typically transmitted by respiratory contact or through contact with an infected object. It is also commonly associated with declines in immunity, malnutrition, diabetes, HIV, chronic lung diseases and immunodeficiency.

Symptoms

Common signs and symptoms caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 1 infection include:

• Fever
• Chills
• Cough
• Shortness of breath
• Chest pain
• Headache
• Muscle pain

Diagnosis

The definitive diagnosis for Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 1 infection is made by the identification of its organism in a sample of body fluid such as blood or cerebrospinal fluid. Other laboratory tests such as to measure the levels of inflammatory markers or imaging studies may also be performed. For example, Computed Tomography (CT) scan of the chest or computed tomography of the head might be required in cases of pneumonia or meningitis to assess the extent of the infection.

Treatments

The treatment for Streptococcus pneumoniae infection depends on the severity of the infection and the patient’s age and overall health. The primary treatment for this infection is antibiotics such as penicillin, ceftriaxone or levofloxacin. In severe cases, it may require hospitalization and intravenous antibiotic therapy.

Prevention

The following measures can help reduce the risk of Streptococcus pneumoniae infection:

• Maintain good hygiene practices by washing hands frequently
• Avoid contact with those who have the infection
• Receive the pneumococcal vaccine, which is recommended for all children as well as people 65 and older
• Avoid smoking and exposure to secondhand smoke
• Maintain a healthy immune system by eating a balanced diet and getting enough sleep