Internal contamination caused by radioactive or non-radioactive thallium

Internal Contamination Caused by Radioactive or Non-Radioactive Thallium

Thallium is a type of heavy metal that can enter the human body through ingestion, inhalation, or dermal absorption. Thallium can be classified as a highly toxic and dangerous heavy metal that is found in some consumer products, soil, groundwater and industrial waste. In humans, thallium poisoning can occur with exposure to either radioactive or non-radioactive forms.

Exposure to radioactive thallium can occur by ingesting contaminated food and beverages, inhalation of contaminated air, absorption through the skin or direct contact with contaminated surfaces. Depending on the form of contamination, the various consequences associated with thallium exposure can include internal organ damage, an inhalation exposure leading to pulmonary injury, and neurological and behavior effects.

Signs and Symptoms

The signs and symptoms of thallium poisoning may vary depending on the type and amount of thallium exposure. Symptoms can range from mild and nonspecific (e.g., fatigue, malaise, chest pain, abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting) to more severe effects, such as brain damage, kidney failure, and death.

• Early signs and symptoms of thallium poisoning include abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting
• Headache, tiredness, confusion, changes in taste, and muscle weakness have also been observed.
• Victims may develop muscle spasms, an itchy rash, drowsiness, restlessness, and poor coordination.
• In extreme cases, thallium poisoning can cause coma, seizures, and even death.

Treatment

The treatment of thallium poisoning depends on the amount and type of thallium exposure. Treatment for lesser exposure may include medication to reduce nausea and vomiting, as well as chelation therapy with dimercaprol to bind with the thallium and aid in its removal from the body.

In more severe cases, hospitalization is necessary for monitoring and for the administration of fluids, electrolytes, and drugs such as calcium disodium edetate (EDTA) to bind to the thallium. For severe cases of thallium poisoning, it is important to immediately initiate treatment in order to maximise a recovery.