Infection caused by Neisseria Meningitidis Serogroup B
Neisseria Meningitidis Serogroup B: Infection and Prevention
Neisseria Meningitidis Serogroup B is a type of meningococcus bacteria that can cause severe infections. It is mainly responsible for meningococcal disease, such as meningitis and sepsis. It can also cause a wide range of other infections including pneumonia, endocarditis (inflammation of the heart valves), and bloodstream infection. N. meningitidis is a public health concern because it can cause rapid and life-threatening illness.
Infection Symptoms and Diagnosis
People infected with N. meningitidis present with nonspecific symptoms including fever, fatigue, headache, and anorexia. The focus of the clinical examination is to look for signs of meningitis, such as a stiff neck or severe headache.
The diagnosis of N. meningitidis is established by laboratory tests used to detect the presence of the bacteria in a person’s blood or spinal fluid. The most commonly used laboratory test is N. meningitidis serogroup-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR). This test detects the presence of the bacteria in a sample taken from an infected person.
Preventing the Spread of Infection
The best way to prevent the spread of N. meningitidis serogroup B is through vaccination. Vaccines against N. meningitidis serogroup B are available in many countries. Vaccination is especially important in people who are at high risk of infection, such as students living in dormitory settings, military personnel, and travelers.
In addition, good hygiene practices are important for the prevention of N. meningitidis serogroup B. People should wash their hands regularly with soap and water, and avoid close contact with people who are known to be infected with the bacteria.
Treatment for Infection
Treatment of N. meningitidis serogroup B infection includes antibiotics, as well as supportive care. Antibiotics used to treat N. meningitidis infections include cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, penicillin, or chloramphenicol. The antibiotic treatment is given for at least 7 days, and may be given for longer periods depending on the severity of the infection.
In severe cases, the person may need to be hospitalized and given additional supportive treatments, such as IV fluids, oxygen, and medications to control fever. People with N. meningitidis serogroup B infections should also be closely monitored to ensure that the infection does not progress to other parts of the body.
