Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM)
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM)
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a condition that affects pregnant women in which high blood sugar levels occur during pregnancy. It is usually first noticed during the 24th-28th week of pregnancy and can be managed with a healthy diet, regular physical activity, and insulin injections, if necessary. GDM can affect the health of both the mother and the baby.
Risk factors for GDM include a family history of diabetes, being overweight or obese, having a previous history of gestational diabetes, and being of certain ethnic backgrounds such as South Asian, African, Black Caribbean, or Hispanic/Latin American.
If a woman has GDM, it is important that she gets tested for pre-diabetes or type 2 diabetes after her pregnancy. This can help identify any potential risks for future diabetes. It is also important to monitor the baby’s growth during pregnancy and delivery. The baby may be born early or have a low birth weight because of GDM.
Managing GDM
GDM can be managed by following a healthy diet and getting regular physical activity. Women with GDM should work with their healthcare team to develop a plan that helps them manage their diabetes and keep their blood sugar levels in the target range.
A healthy diet is important for women with GDM. It includes carbohydrates from fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and starches. It also includes foods that provide adequate protein and healthy fats. Women with GDM should also limit their fat and sodium intake.
Regular physical activity is also important for managing GDM. Women with GDM should talk to their healthcare provider about the types of activities they can do or join a prenatal exercise program.
Finally, some women may need to take insulin injections to manage high blood sugar levels. The dose and timing of insulin are determined by the woman’s healthcare provider.
Conclusion
Gestational diabetes mellitus is a condition that affects pregnant women in which high blood sugar levels occur during pregnancy. It can affect the health of both the mother and the baby. Risk factors for GDM include a family history of diabetes, being overweight or obese, having a previous history of gestational diabetes, and being of certain ethnic backgrounds. GDM can be managed by following a healthy diet, getting regular physical activity, and taking insulin injections, if necessary. It is important for women with GDM to work with their healthcare team to develop a plan that helps them manage their diabetes and keep their blood sugar levels in the target range.
