Bissoy.com
Doctors Medicines MCQs Q&A

Stage IV epithelial ovarian cancer following initial surgical resection

Stage IV Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Following Initial Surgical Resection

Ovarian cancer is the sixth leading cause of cancer-related death among women in the US. While most ovarian cancer diagnosis and treatment occurs at early stages,  sometimes the disease advances to stage IV. This typically occurs when the cancer has spread beyond the ovaries (i.e., to other organs or body parts). Stage IV epithelial ovarian cancer following initial surgical resection is a complex treatment course requiring a multi-disciplinary approach.

Treatment for stage IV ovary cancer typically includes two main components: chemotherapy and surgery. The chemotherapy component usually focuses on shrinking the tumor and destroying any cancer cells that may remain in the body. For surgery, the goal is to remove as much of the tumor as possible. Depending on the stage and extent of the cancer, this can involve either a full pelvic and abdominal operation or a more limited procedure, such as a laparoscopy.

chemotherapies can include:

  • Taxanes: Taxanes are a group of medications that help to reduce the size of tumors and slow the growth of cancer cells. This type of chemotherapy can be used as a first-line treatment and in combination with other medications.
  • Platinum-based drugs: Platinum-based drugs are another group of medications that can be used to treat stage IV epithelial ovarian cancer. These drugs work by blocking the growth of cancer cells. Commonly used platinum-based drugs include cisplatin, carboplatin, and oxaliplatin.
  • Targeted therapy: Targeted therapies are drugs that target specific molecules and pathways in cancer cells. Examples of these drugs include bevacizumab and cediranib. They are typically used in combination with traditional chemotherapy drugs to improve outcomes.
  • Immunotherapy: Immunotherapy is the use of drugs to help the body's own immune system to fight the cancer. Examples of immunotherapies include ipilimumab and nivolumab.

In addition to these treatments, patients may also receive palliative and supportive care. This can include treatments to alleviate symptoms, address quality of life issues, and improve overall health. Supportive care can also include psychological and emotional support to help patients cope with the diagnosis and treatment.

Stage IV epithelial ovarian cancer following initial surgical resection is a complex diagnosis and treatment process that requires a multi-disciplinary approach. Patients should consult with experienced healthcare professionals to develop a treatment plan that is tailored to their individual needs.

#Disease
5 views

Related Questions

Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below.The Italian banking system became the model for those North European nations that would achieve the greatest commercial success in the coming centuries, notably the Dutch, the English, and the Swedes. It was in Amsterdam, London and Stockholm that the next decisive wave of financial or innovation occurred, as the forerunners of modern central banks made their first appearance. The seventeenth century saw the foundation of three distinctly novel institutions that, in their differen in ways, were intended to serve a public as well as a private financial function. The Amsterdam Exchange Bank, i.e. the Wisselbank, was set up in 1609 to resolve the practical problems created for merchants by the circulation of multiple currencies in the United Provinces, where there were no fewer than fourteen different mints and copious quantities of foreign coins. By allowing merchants to set up accounts denominated in a standardized currency, the Exchange Bank pioneered the system of cheques and direct debits or transfers that we take for granted today. This allowed more and more commercial transactions to take place without the need for the sums involved to materialize in actual coins. Financial historians disagree as to how far the growth of banking after the seventeenth century can be credited with the acceleration of economic growth that began in Britain in the late eighteenth 20 5 century and then spread to Western Europe, North America and Australasia. But banks played a more important role in continental European industrialization than they did in England's.a) Where did the precursors of modern central banks make their first appearance? b) What practical problem was the Wisselbank required to resolve in its initial days?c) How did the Amsterdam Exchange Bank respond to the demand of the age? d) What are the points of disagreement among the financial historians with respect to growth of banking vis-a-vis growth of economy? e) Choose a suitable title for above composition.
1 Answers 5 Views
Write a precis of the following paragraph and provide a title:The stated intention of most regulators is to maintain stability within the financial services sector, thereby protecting the consumers whom banks serve and the 'real' economy which the industry supports. Every shock to the financial system must result in casualties. Left to itself, natural selection should work fast to eliminate the weakest institution in the market, which typically are gobbled up by the successful. But most crises also usher in new rules and regulations, as legislators and regulators rush to stabilize the financial system and to protect consumers who are also voters. The critical point is that the possibility of extinction cannot and should not be removed by excessively precautionary rules. As Joseph Schumpeter wrote more than seventy years ago, 'This economic system cannot do without the ultima ratio of the complete destruction of those existences which are irretrievably associated with the hopelessly unadapted.' This meant, in his view, nothing less than the disappearance of 'those firms which are unfit to live'. It remains to be seen whether the extraordinary measures taken by Western governments since September 2008 will have the desired effect of preventing complete breakdown of the financial system or whether they will in fact end up impeding the process of financial evolution.
1 Answers 5 Views