Severe Transfusion Reactions
Severe Transfusion Reactions
Blood transfusions used to save lives, but they can also have serious and potentially fatal consequences. Severe transfusion reactions can occur when the transfused blood is incompatible with the recipient's red blood cells. These severe reactions can range from mild to life-threatening reactions. Identification and prompt treatment are essential to prevent serious consequences.
Causes of Severe Transfusion Reactions
Severe transfusion reactions are caused by incompatibilities between the recipient's red blood cells and the donor's blood. A person's red blood cells contain minor antigens on their surface, which can interact with other red blood cells. When a person receives a transfusion of incompatible donor blood, their red blood cells react against the donor blood, leading to a severe reaction.
Signs and Symptoms of Severe Transfusion Reactions
The signs and symptoms of a severe transfusion reaction can range from mild to life-threatening. Typically, symptoms start within minutes to a few hours after the transfusion. The most common symptoms include:
- Fever
- Chills
- Nausea and vomiting
- Iron overload
- Shortness of breath
- Chest pain
- Rapid heart rate
- Rapid drop in blood pressure
- Hives or rash
Treatment of Severe Transfusion Reactions
Severe transfusion reactions are emergency situations that require immediate medical intervention. Treatment typically begins with the discontinuation of the transfusion and replacement of lost fluids. Other treatments may include medications to control the reactions and to prevent infection. Depending on the severity of the reaction, hospitalization may be necessary.
Prevention of Severe Transfusion Reactions
The best way to prevent severe transfusion reactions is to perform the appropriate blood compatibility tests before initiating the transfusion. Blood type and other factors are tested to ensure there is no possibility of a reaction. This reduces the risk of an adverse reaction.
