Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)
Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)
Seasonal Affective Disorder, often abbreviated as SAD, is a type of depression related to the change in season. It is generally characterized by a feeling of sadness or reduced energy, decreased ability to concentrate and a decrease in enjoyment of activities.
People with SAD generally experience symptoms that follow a seasonal pattern—occurring at the same time each year, usually starting in the fall and continuing through the winter and early spring. Symptoms of SAD can vary in severity with the seasons; during the summer months, many people with SAD will feel less depressed or may even experience a manic state.
Symptoms of SAD
In most cases, the symptoms of SAD are similar to those of other types of depression. Common symptoms of SAD include:
- Low energy
- Feelings of hopelessness and worthlessness
- Oversleeping
- Changes in appetite and weight
- Social withdrawal or isolation
- Loss of interest in activities
- Difficulty concentrating
Causes of SAD
The exact cause of SAD is not known, but it is believed to be related to changes in the levels of serotonin (a neurotransmitter involved in mood regulation) and melatonin (a hormone that regulates sleep) in the brain. A combination of factors such as genetics, lifestyle, and hormones may contribute to the development of seasonal affective disorder.
Other factors that may play a role in the cause of SAD include:
- Decreased exposure to sunlight due to decreased hours of daylight
- Living in northern latitudes with decreased hours of sunlight
- Shift work that disrupts the body’s circadian rhythms
- A family history of depression
Treatment for SAD
Treatment for SAD may include antidepressant medications, light therapy, and lifestyle changes. Antidepressants are most effective when taken in early fall or winter, when symptoms tend to be more severe. Light therapy involves spending time under a bright light that mimics the intensity of sunlight, and is most beneficial when used in the morning for at least 30 minutes.
Lifestyle changes such as a regular exercise program, good nutritional habits, and stress reduction techniques (such as yoga or meditation) may also be helpful in managing SAD.
Conclusion
Seasonal Affective Disorder is a type of depression related to the change in season. While the exact cause of SAD is not known, there are treatments available that may help reduce symptoms. It is important to talk to your doctor about your symptoms and discuss the treatment options most appropriate for you.
