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Recurrent multiple myeloma

What is Recurrent Multiple Myeloma?

Recurrent multiple myeloma is a cancer of the bone marrow. It's a type of plasma cell cancer that affects white blood cells. It's the second most common type of myeloma, and occurs when cancer returns after treatment.

Recurrent multiple myeloma is usually diagnosed when an individual experiences significant fatigue, bone pain, frequent infections, or a decline in general wellbeing. In some cases, symptoms may not appear until after the cancer has returned. The only way to accurately diagnose recurrent multiple myeloma is through a blood test, bone marrow biopsy, or imaging test.

Risk Factors and Causes

The exact cause of multiple myeloma is unknown, but there are some potential risk factors that can increase an individual's chances. These include older age (usually over 65), a family history of the disease, and a weakened immune system due to HIV or chemotherapy.

Treatment

Treating recurrent multiple myeloma depends on the patient's individual situation. Doctors might suggest a combination of chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and/or stem cell transplantation. Some approved treatments may include:

  • Lenalidomide and dexamethasone
  • Bortezomib and dexamethasone
  • Carfilzomib and dexamethasone
  • Thalidomide and dexamethasone
  • Ixazomib with lenalidomide and dexamethasone

If the cancer has not been adequately treated, a stem cell transplant may also be recommended.

Coping and Support

Living with recurrent multiple myeloma can be difficult. However, there are steps that can be taken to make the experience more manageable. It's important to stay informed about the disease and familiarize yourself with available resources. Additionally, it's important to stay connected with friends and family for emotional support. Psychological counseling can also be beneficial for those dealing with the symptoms of multiple myeloma.

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Related Questions

Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below.The Italian banking system became the model for those North European nations that would achieve the greatest commercial success in the coming centuries, notably the Dutch, the English, and the Swedes. It was in Amsterdam, London and Stockholm that the next decisive wave of financial or innovation occurred, as the forerunners of modern central banks made their first appearance. The seventeenth century saw the foundation of three distinctly novel institutions that, in their differen in ways, were intended to serve a public as well as a private financial function. The Amsterdam Exchange Bank, i.e. the Wisselbank, was set up in 1609 to resolve the practical problems created for merchants by the circulation of multiple currencies in the United Provinces, where there were no fewer than fourteen different mints and copious quantities of foreign coins. By allowing merchants to set up accounts denominated in a standardized currency, the Exchange Bank pioneered the system of cheques and direct debits or transfers that we take for granted today. This allowed more and more commercial transactions to take place without the need for the sums involved to materialize in actual coins. Financial historians disagree as to how far the growth of banking after the seventeenth century can be credited with the acceleration of economic growth that began in Britain in the late eighteenth 20 5 century and then spread to Western Europe, North America and Australasia. But banks played a more important role in continental European industrialization than they did in England's.a) Where did the precursors of modern central banks make their first appearance? b) What practical problem was the Wisselbank required to resolve in its initial days?c) How did the Amsterdam Exchange Bank respond to the demand of the age? d) What are the points of disagreement among the financial historians with respect to growth of banking vis-a-vis growth of economy? e) Choose a suitable title for above composition.
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