Recurrent Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia (CLL)
What is Recurrent Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia (CLL)?
Recurrent Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia (CLL) is a type of lymphoma that is characterized by an accumulation of a type of white blood cell called a lymphocyte. CLL occurs when a single cell in the bone marrow abnormal proliferates and fails to die when it should, instead being replaced with an ever-increasing number of more abnormal cells. This accumulation of cells results in an excessive production of malignant lymphocytes.
CLL is a slow-growing cancer that mainly affects adults over the age of 60. It affects men slightly more often than women and is the most common type of chronic leukaemia. The causes of CLL remain largely unknown but experts suggest that it may be related to environmental and lifestyle factors such as exposure to certain toxins.
Signs and Symptoms of CLL
CLL usually starts with no symptoms, or with only very mild ones. As the disease develops and the number of abnormal cells increases, symptoms may begin to appear. These can include:
- Fever
- Swollen lymph nodes
- Enlarged spleen
- Fatigue
- Night sweats
- Weight loss
- Frequent infections
- Loss of appetite
Diagnosing CLL
If symptoms of CLL are present, your doctor will usually perform a physical exam and order a blood test. The blood test can detect an abnormal number of white cells and specifically look for high levels of a type of lymphocyte called B-cell lymphocytes. It can also detect high levels of other markers, such as monoclonal B-cells and immunoglobulin M. These markers are often used to distinguish CLL from other types of cancer.
Your doctor may also perform a bone marrow biopsy to look for cancerous cells. The biopsy will also help your doctor identify any genetic mutations that may be driving the cancer.
Treatment
Treatment for CLL is usually tailored to each individual’s needs. Treatment may include watchful waiting to allow the disease to progress slowly, or more aggressive treatment if the disease is progressing rapidly. Treatment can include chemotherapy, targeted therapy or a combination of the two.
The aim of treatment is to extend the lifespan of the patient,, and to improve their quality of life. It is important to talk to your doctor about the risks and benefits of any treatment to ensure that you are comfortable with the approach your doctor is taking.
