Post-exposure prophylaxis for occupational exposure to HIV therapy

Post-Exposure Prophylaxis after Occupational Exposure to HIV

For occupational exposure to HIV, post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) is an important strategy to reduce the risk of infection. PEP includes the use of antiretroviral medications to reduce the risk of HIV infection following an occupational exposure. PEP is recommended for healthcare workers, laboratory workers, and other individuals who have had contact with HIV-infected blood, body fluids, secretions, or tissue. It should also be considered for people who have been in contact with individuals known to have HIV infection, even if no blood or body fluids were present.

PEP is most effective when started as soon as possible, within hours of the exposure, and should be continued for four weeks. The medications recommended for PEP are either one or two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) plus either a protease inhibitor (PI) or a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI). The recommended regimen is dependent on the type of exposure as well as on the availability and toxicity of the medications.

PEP should be used with caution due to the potential for severe side effects, including nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and fatigue. As with any drug therapy, the benefits and potential risks of the regimen need to be carefully weighed, and PEP should be used only in cases where the risk of HIV infection is substantial. It is important to recognize that PEP is not 100% effective, and HIV infection may still occur. Therefore, individuals who have received PEP should be followed closely for several months after the exposure.

PEP Guidelines

• PEP should be started as soon as possible after an exposure to HIV, and may be effective for up to 72 hours.
• PEP should be continued for at least 4 weeks.
• PEP should be tailored to the type of exposure. A regimen of two NRTIs plus either a PI or NNRTI is recommended.
• PEP should be used cautiously due to the potential for severe side effects.
• Individuals who have received PEP should be followed closely for several months after the exposure.