Metastatic MSI-H/dMMR colorectal cancer
Metastatic MSI-H/dMMR Colorectal Cancer
Metastatic MSI-H/dMMR colorectal cancer is an aggressive type of colorectal cancer that can spread to other parts of the body. It is a form of colorectal cancer characterized by a microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) phenotype combined with a defect in mismatch repair (dMMR) mechanism. This type of cancer is most often found in patients over the age of 65, and a family history of colorectal cancer also appears to be a risk factor.
Patients with metastatic MSI-H/dMMR colorectal cancer may experience an array of symptoms including abdominal pain, constipation, diarrhea and blood in the stool. In addition, weight loss, fatigue and anemia may accompany the disease. Patients may also find it difficult to gain weight.
Diagnosis of metastatic MSI-H/dMMR colorectal cancer is made through clinical evaluation, imaging studies and laboratory tests. An endoscopic biopsy is a common diagnostic tool used to investigate signs and symptoms of colorectal cancer and to determine if the tumors are MSI-H/dMMR. If the biopsy is MSI-H/dMMR positive, further testing may include CT, MRI and PET scans, as well as a colonoscopy and sigmoidoscopy.
Treatment for metastatic MSI-H/dMMR colorectal cancer consists of surgery, radiation and chemotherapy. Surgery is typically the first step, followed by radiation and chemotherapy, which may be administered before or after surgery. Immunotherapy may also be used in combination with other forms of treatment. Depending on the individual patient and the stage of the cancer, the prognosis for metastatic MSI-H/dMMR colorectal cancer is variable.
Take Away Points
- Metastatic MSI-H/dMMR colorectal cancer is an aggressive type of colorectal cancer.
- Common symptoms of metastatic MSI-H/dMMR colorectal cancer include abdominal pain, constipation, diarrhea and blood in the stool.
- Diagnosis is made through clinical evaluation, imaging studies and laboratory tests.
- Treatment options include surgery, radiation, chemotherapy and immunotherapy.
- The prognosis for metastatic MSI-H/dMMR colorectal cancer is variable.
