Colorectal Polyps
Colorectal Polyps
Colorectal polyps are growths of tissue that form in the lining of the colon or rectum. These polyps can vary in size, shape, color, and origin. While some polyps are benign and do not need to be removed, it is important to have them monitored and some may need to be removed, due to an increased risk for developing into cancer.
Types of Colorectal Polyps
There are four main types of colorectal polyps:
- Adenomatous polyps - These are the most common type of polyps. While most are not cancerous, they can develop into cancer over time and need to be monitored.
- Inflammatory polyps - These polyps occur when there is an infection or inflammation of the intestines. They typically do not become cancerous but should be monitored.
- Hyperplastic polyps - These are benign growths and usually not associated with any malignancy.
- Tubular adenomas - These polyps can potentially become cancerous, so they need to be monitored closely.
Signs and Symptoms of Colorectal Polyps
Most colorectal polyps do not cause any symptoms and are found during routine screening tests. However, some people may experience signs and symptoms including:
- Abdominal pain
- Change in bowel habits, such as constipation or diarrhea
- Rectal bleeding or blood in the stool
- Fatigue
- Unexplained weight loss
Detecting Colorectal Polyps
Most colorectal polyps are found during a routine screening test. This test may be a colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy, or fecal occult blood test (FOBT).
During a colonoscopy, a long, flexible tube with a camera on the end is used to examine the entire length of the colon. The doctor will be able to detect any polyps or other abnormal growths during the procedure.
During a sigmoidoscopy, a shorter tube is used to examine the lower part of the colon. This procedure is not as thorough, so it may not detect all polyps.
The FOBT requires a sample of stool to be tested for any blood that may have come from polyps. While this can help detect polyps, it is not as accurate as a colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy.
Treating Colorectal Polyps
If a colorectal polyp is detected during the screening, it will need to be removed. This procedure is usually done during the initial screening. The polyp will be cut away and sent to a lab for analysis. The doctor may also take a sample of tissue for a biopsy.
For smaller polyps, the doctor may be able to remove them with a special snare device. This device is inserted through the scope and the polyp is cut away.
For larger polyps, the doctor may use a procedure called polypectomy. This involves using an electric current to remove the polyp and seal off the bleeding at the same time.
Conclusion
Colorectal polyps are growths of tissue in the lining of the colon or rectum. While most of these polyps are benign, some can become cancerous over time and need to be monitored. It is important to have routine screening tests to detect any polyps early. If a polyp is detected, it will need to be removed.
