Allergies
What are Allergies?
Allergies are an over-reaction of the immune system to certain substances, known as allergens, which come in contact with the body. Allergens may be inhaled, eaten, touched or injected and can include pollen, pet dander, dust mites, molds, and certain foods. Symptoms of allergies include sneezing, watery eyes, itching, rashes, congestion, and difficulty breathing.
Types of Allergies
Allergies can be divided into two main categories:
- allergic rhinitis (hay fever)
- allergic asthma
Causes of Allergies
The cause of allergies is not fully understood but it is thought to be a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Allergens may enter the body through inhalation, ingestion, skin contact, or injection.
Symptoms of Allergies
The most common symptoms of allergies are:
- Sneezing
- Watery eyes
- Itching
- Coughing
- Congestion
- Difficulty breathing
- Skin rashes
Diagnosing Allergies
Allergists use skin prick and blood tests to diagnose allergies. These tests detect the presence of allergens and measure the amount of antibodies produced by the body when exposed to specific allergens.
Treating Allergies
The goal of treating allergies is to reduce symptoms and decrease the body's sensitivity to allergens. Treatments include medications such as antihistamines, nasal sprays, and decongestants. Immunotherapy, which involves the gradual exposure to allergens in order to build up immunity, may also be used to treat allergies.
