Angina Pectoris
What is Angina Pectoris?
Angina pectoris is a type of chest pain usually caused by coronary artery disease. It is a medical emergency in which not enough blood and oxygen reach the heart muscle due to blocked arteries. The pain usually occurs in the chest area just behind the breastbone. It can also spread to the shoulders, arms, neck, jaw, and back.
Signs and Symptoms of Angina Pectoris
The main symptoms of angina pectoris are chest pain or tightness which may spread to the arms, neck, and back. The patient may also experience shortness of breath, nausea, lightheadedness, and sweating.
Causes of Angina Pectoris
Angina pectoris is primarily caused by atherosclerosis, a condition in which fatty deposits, cholesterol, and other substances build up on the walls of the arteries, causing them to narrow. This narrowing can reduce or block the flow of oxygen-rich blood to the heart, leading to chest pain or discomfort.
Tests and Diagnosis of Angina Pectoris
The following tests may be used to diagnose angina pectoris:
- Electrocardiogram (ECG) – used to detect patterns indicating coronary artery disease.
- Stress test – used to evaluate the heart's response to exercise.
- Coronary angiogram – used to create a picture of the coronary arteries and identify any narrowed or blocked areas.
- Imaging tests (e.g. MRI or CT scan) – used to look for any damage to the heart muscle that may have been caused by a lack of oxygen.
Treatment of Angina Pectoris
Treatment for angina pectoris can include:
- Medications – such as nitroglycerin, beta-blockers, or calcium blockers.
- Lifestyle changes – such as quitting smoking, eating a healthy diet, and getting regular exercise.
- Surgery – such as angioplasty and stenting, which can open narrowed or blocked arteries. In severe cases, a bypass procedure may be recommended.
By getting prompt treatment for angina pectoris, most people can reduce their risk of serious complications. Early diagnosis and effective management of the condition can also help prevent recurrent episodes of chest pain and discomfort.
