What is Oral Lichen Planus?

Oral lichen planus is an autoimmune condition which causes inflammation in the mouth, tongue, and other areas. It is a chronic inflammatory disorder which can affect both adults and children. It usually presents as white or silvery-white patches on the mucosal lining of the mouth, on the tongue, and on the lips. These patches may range from mildly irritating to profoundly damaging.

What Triggers Oral Lichen Planus?

The exact cause of oral lichen planus is still unknown. However, it has been associated with specific environmental and lifestyle factors such as stress, poor diet, tobacco and alcohol use, certain medications, and certain types of infections.

What Are The Symptoms of Oral Lichen Planus?

The characteristics white or silvery-white patches on the mucosal lining of the mouth, tongue, and lips are the most common symptom. This is usually accompanied by other symptoms such as:

• Burning sensation in the mouth
• Increased salivation
• Bad taste
• Difficulty swallowing
• Lumps or areas of the oral mucosa that are tender to the touch
• Ulceration or erosions
• Changes in taste or smell
• Changes in the size and shape of the tongue
• Swelling of the cheeks or jaw

Diagnosis of Oral Lichen Planus

Oral lichen planus is usually diagnosed following an examination of the mouth and tongue by a dentist or specialist. The diagnosis will then be confirmed with a biopsy of the affected area.

Treatment for Oral Lichen Planus

The treatment for oral lichen planus will depend on the severity of the condition and the individual patient. Treatment may include medications such as topical or oral corticosteroids, immune modulating agents, and antifungal agents. In some cases, laser therapy may also be used to improve the symptoms.

In cases where the disease is not responding to treatment, surgical excision of the affected area may be necessary. Surgery is usually a last resort and is generally not recommended in most cases of oral lichen planus.

Conclusion

Oral lichen planus is a chronic inflammatory disorder which can cause discomfort in the mouth, tongue, and lips. The exact cause is still unknown, but there are certain environmental and lifestyle factors that have been linked to the development of oral lichen planus. Treatment for the condition varies depending on the severity and the individual patient's needs.