Calluses

What Are Calluses?

Calluses are thick, hardened layers of skin that form as a protective response to friction or pressure. They most commonly form on feet and hands and can result from wearing ill-fitting shoes. Calluses can also form on the elbows, knees, and other parts of the body due to excessive pressure or friction. Calluses are caused by repetitive friction or pressure over a period of time. When the skin is constantly stressed by an object rubbing against it, it thickens the outer layer to protect the underlying tissue.

Signs and Symptoms of Calluses

Calluses are usually painless and not dangerous, but people with diabetes or poor circulation should be particularly aware of them. Signs and symptoms of calluses include:

• Rough patches of skin on feet and hands, elbows, or knees
• Thickened, hardened skin
• Dull colors such as yellow, grey, or white
• Slight itching, burning, or stinging sensation
• Tenderness on the surface of the skin

Treatment for Calluses

Treatment for calluses generally depends on the severity of the condition and involves methods to reduce pressure on the affected area such as avoiding tight-fitting shoes. Additional treatments may include the following:

• Wearing protective padding on the affected area.
• Soaking the foot in warm, soapy water to soften the callus.
• Using a pumice stone or other exfoliating tools to take off the dead skin.
• Applying moisturizing creams or lotions to the skin.
• Using over-the-counter medicated pads to reduce the callus.
• Surgical excision of the callus.

Prevention of Calluses

When possible, avoid activities that cause calluses. Wearing well-fitting shoes and avoiding tight-fitting clothing can help reduce calluses. Additionally, regularly applying a moisturizing cream can keep the skin soft and prevent calluses from forming.