Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
What is Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia?
Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (AIHA) is a disorder in which the body's immune system mistakenly identifies red blood cells as foreign cells and destroys them. This results in a loss of red blood cells and can lead to anemia. AIHA can be caused by medications, infections, or other medical conditions, and is more common in children and adults over 65.
Symptoms of Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
The symptoms of AIHA typically develop over a period of days or weeks. Common signs and symptoms of AIHA include:
- Fatigue
- Shortness of breath
- Pale skin
- Rapid pulse
- Fever
- Headache
- Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes)
Diagnosis of Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
AIHA is usually diagnosed after a complete medical history and physical examination. Blood tests may be used to measure the number of red blood cells and to look for antibodies that attack red blood cells. A bone marrow biopsy or bone marrow aspiration may also be performed to identify the immune system's response to red blood cells.
Treatment of Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
Treatment for AIHA is based on the severity and type of AIHA, which will be determined by the doctor. Treatments may include:
- Steroids to suppress the immune system
- Blood transfusions
- Immune globulin infusions
- IVIG treatment (intravenous immune globulin)
- Antibiotic therapy
- Immunosuppressive drugs
- Stem cell transplantation
Prevention of Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
There is no sure way to prevent AIHA. However, some steps may be taken to reduce the risk, such as avoiding infections and avoiding medications that can trigger an autoimmune response. Talk to your doctor about ways to reduce your risk of AIHA.
