Explain with an example each nuclear transmutation and artificial radioactivity. What is the difference between them?

i. Nuclear transmutation : 

It involves transformation of a stable nucleus into another nucleus takes place which can be either stable or unstable.

ii. Artificial (induced) radioactivity : 

It is nuclear transmutation where the product nucleus is radioactive. The product nucleus decays spontaneously with emission of radiation and particles.

e.g,

Step I :

\(_5^{10}B\) + \(_2^4 He\) → \(_7^{13}N\) + \(_0^1n\),

Stable          Radioactive

Step II :

\(_7^{13}N\) → \(_6^{13}C\) + \(_0^1e\)

Radioactive

(Spontaneous emission of position)

Step-I can be considered as nuclear transmutation as it produces a new nuclide \(_7^{13}N\).

However,

The new nuclide is unstable (radioactive).

Hence,

Step-I involves artificial (induced) radioactivity.

Thus, in artificial transmutation,

A stable element is collided with high speed particles to form another radioactive element.