Cyrus – II  , Cambyses – II  , Daryush – I , Xerxes.

(a) Cyrus – II (Cyrus the Great): Cyrus – II belonged to the tribe of ‘Pars’. He had begun to build a new capital at ‘Pasargade’. However, it did not get completed in his lifetime. Cyrus – II conquered Lydia, a Greek state to the north of the Mediterranean Sea around the mid of the 6th C.B. C. E. As a result, the Ionian Greek city-states.

(b) Cambyses – II: Cambyses – II was the son of Cyrus – II. He moved back to Susa and re¬established his capital there. Cambyses -II had conquered Egypt.

(c) Daryush – I: He succeeded Cambyses – II reinforced the fortification walls of Susa. He also v built a massive palace and a hypostyle (many columned) halls known as ‘Apadana’. Daryush – I also built the city of ‘Persepolis’ in a style similar to Susa. He also built a palace and apadana in Persepolis also. During the rule of Daryush -I all Ionian city-states got together and rebelled against the Achaemenid rule.

(d) Xerxes: Xerxes, the successor of Daryush -1 tried once again to invade Greece. However, he was also defeated. Thereafter the conflict between the Achaemenids and the Greeks continued over a prolonged time.