Distinguish between metals and non-metals on the basis of: (i) ion formation,

(i) Ion formation: Metals form positive ions by loss of electrons whereas non- metals form negative ions by gain of electrons.

(ii) Discharge of ions: Metals are discharged at the cathode during electrolysis whereas nonmetals are liberated at the anode during electrolysis.

(iii) Nature of oxide formed: Oxides of metals are usually basic. Soluble basic oxides dissolve in water forming an alkaline solution whereas oxides of non-metals are usually acidic. Soluble acidic oxides dissolve in water forming an acidic solution.

(iv) Oxidizing and reducing property: Metals ionize by loss of electrons and hence are reducing agents whereas non-metals ionize by gain of electrons and hence are oxidizing agents.

(v) Reaction with acids: Metals above hydrogen in activity series usually replace hydrogen from dilute non-oxidizing acids whereas non-metals do not react with dilute hydrochloric acid or sulphuric acid.