Which phenomenon makes us see the sun : 

(a) a few minutes before actual sunrise ? 

(b) a few minutes after actual sunset ?

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2 Answers

ATMOSPHERIC REFRACTION
By actual sunrise, we mean the actual crossing of the horizon by the Sun.  The time difference between actual sunset and the apparent sunset is about 2 minutes. The apparent flattening of the Sun’s disc at sunrise and sunset is also due to the
same phenomenon.

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(a) Atmospheric refraction of sunlight 

(b) Atmospheric refraction of sunlight

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