Hardness of water may be temporary or permanent. Permanent hardness is due to the presence of

(i) Chlorides of Ca and Mg in water

(ii) Sulphates of Ca and Mg in water

(iii) Hydrogen carbonates of Ca and Mg in water

(iv) Carbonates of alkali metals in water

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1 Answers

(i, ii) Permanent hardness of water is due to presence of following salts: CaCl2; MgCl2; CaSO4; MgSO4 

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