What is meant by 'co-ordination'? How it 'integrates group efforts' and 'ensures unity of actions’? Explain.

Co-ordination: Co-ordination refers to the orderly arrangement of group efforts to provide unity of actions in order to achieve common goals. It is known as the essence of Management process.

Co-ordination integrates group efforts: Co-ordination is an orderly arrangement of group efforts not an individual effort. Co-ordination is not required when the entire job is performed by an individual. Thus, co-ordination is needed when many individuals are working together, who came from different background and have different methods of working. Co-ordination unifies their diverse activities and gives a common focus to the group efforts.

Co-ordination ensures unity of action: The aim of co-ordination is to achieve unity of actions of different individuals. It acts as the binding force between the department and ensures that all efforts are focused towards achieving common organisational objectives.