What is the theory behind the precipitation reaction between aqueous solution of barium chloride with aqueous solution of sodium sulphate ?

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When a solution of sodium sulphate is rnixed with a solution of barium chloriiie, ihe foilorving double displacement reaction takes place :

Na2SO4(aq) + BaCl2(aq) → BaSO4(s) + 2NaCI(aq)

in this reaction, sulphate ions from sodium sulphate are displaced by chloride ions  (Cl- ) and chloride ions in barium chloride are displaced by sulphate ions. As a result, a white precipitate of barium sulphate is formed and sodium chloride remains in the solution.

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