What according to the passage are the manifestations of social movements ?

PASSAGE

The concept of ‘creative society’ refers to a phase of development of a society in which a large number of potential contradictions become articulate and active. This is most evident when oppressed social groups get politically mobilised and demand their rights. The upsurge of the peasants and tribals, the movements for regional autonomy and self-determination, the environmental movements, and the women’s movements in the developing countries are signs of emergence of creative society in contemporary times. The forms of social movements and their intensity may vary from country to country and place to place within a country. But the very presence of movements for social transformation in various spheres of a society indicates the emergence of a creative society in a country

What according to the passage are the manifestations of social movements ? 

1. Aggressiveness and being incendiary. 

2. Instigation by external forces. 

3. Quest for social equality and individual freedom. 

4. Urge for granting privileges and self-respect to disparaged sections of the society. 

Select the correct answer using the codes given below : 

(a) 1 and 3 only (b) 2 and 4 only (c) 3 and 4 only (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4