Give reason 

(a) C and Si are always tetravalent but Ge, Sn, and Pb show divalency. 

(b) Gallium has higher ionization enthalpy than Al.Explain.

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1 Answers

(a) Ge, Sn and Pb show divalency due to inert pair effect, Pb2+is more stable than Pb4+

(b) Due to poor shielding effect of d-electrons in Ga, effective nuclear charge increases as compared to Al. Thus the I.E of Ga is higher than Al.

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