In the context of governance, consider the following: 

1. Encouraging Foreign Direct Investment inflows 

2. Privatization of higher educational Institutions 

3. Down-sizing of bureaucracy 

4. Selling/offloading the shares of Public Sector Undertakings 

Which of the above can be used as measures to control the fiscal deficit in India? 

(a) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 2, 3 and 4 (c) 1, 2 and 4 (d) 3 and 4 only

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1 Answers

(b) Over the past few decades, it has been the private sector that has really driven capacity-creation in Indian higher education. Serious thinking on downsizing bureaucracy had begun in the early 1990s. A sub-group set up by the Planning Commission had suggested in 1993 that the Union government should weed out at least 2,000 senior-level positions in various ministries.

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